Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Explained: Tests, Causes and Heavy Periods Treatment in India

Menstruation is something that every woman experiences, yet it may not always be the same for everyone. When these happen more often than normal, last longer than you expect, or show up at surprising times, they can make you feel exhausted and worried. This is known as abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). A term for any menstrual bleeding that does not follow the usual pattern of your cycle. In India, abnormal uterine bleeding is one of the most common problems that women experience.

Why does this matter? Because AUB is more than just an inconvenience. It can disrupt work, studies, family life, and even sleep. Over time, it may also cause anaemia, which leaves you tired and weak. It can also indicate health issues like fibroids, thyroid problems, or hormonal imbalances.

If you’ve noticed changes in your cycle, you’re not alone. It’s important to recognize when to pay attention. This article explains what AUB is, its most common causes, how doctors diagnose it, and when to seek medical care.

Abnormal uterine bleeding, or AUB, is what doctors call it when your period isn’t regular. It means bleeding that is too heavy, too frequent, lasts too long, or occurs at unexpected times, such as between periods, after sex, or after menopause.

This condition is different from having one or two unusually heavy cycles, which can sometimes happen due to stress, travel, or temporary hormonal changes. AUB is more constant, and it can disrupt your routine and make you anxious about your health.

If your cycle feels out of control, remember that many women have the same experience.. AUB affects between 3% and 30% of women in their reproductive years. It happens more often during the first menstrual period and near menopause. Awareness of abnormal uterine bleeding in India is increasing, especially as more women look for timely diagnosis.

The PALM-COEIN framework is commonly used by doctors to explain the causes of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). It divides the causes into two categories: non-structural (diseases that influence hormones or bodily functions) and structural (something physically present in or around the uterus).

Many women feel relieved once they receive the correct diagnosis, as most causes of AUB can be treated effectively.

History & Examination

Your doctor will start by asking about your symptoms. These include menstrual cycle, bleeding, any related pain, and signs of clotting or thyroid problems. It’s a good idea to use a calendar or app to keep track of your cycles during this initial assessment.

Blood Tests

An hCG test to rule out pregnancy is the first step. Next, a complete blood count (CBC) checks for low platelets or anemia. Additional tests may include hormone levels, such as prolactin, thyroid function (TSH), and clotting studies like platelet count, PT, and aPTT, based on the situation.

Imaging

The best imaging test is a transvaginal ultrasound. It checks the wall thickness, adenomyosis, fibroids, and polyps. If the ultrasound results are unclear or more details are needed, an MRI of the pelvis may be done.

Hysteroscopy / Biopsy

If tests suggest problems in the uterine cavity or if you’re over 45, or if you have ongoing bleeding, a hysteroscopy (a camera inserted into the uterus) and an endometrial biopsy may be done. These procedures allow for safe tissue sampling to check for hyperplasia or cancer.

Most of these tests are quick, safe, and performed on an outpatient basis. They provide the information needed to develop a treatment plan that works for you.

It’s important to recognize when unusual bleeding requires medical attention. Contact a gynecologist if you notice:

Consulting a gynecologist is the first step if you have heavy periods, irregular bleeding, or signs of anemia. Specialists frequently diagnose and treat abnormal uterine bleeding in India. They ensure women get the care they need on time.

Once the cause of AUB is identified, there are several treatment options. These start with simple methods and move to minimally invasive procedures when needed.

Medical treatments: Hormonal options like birth control pills, progesterone therapy, or a hormonal IUD such as Mirena help reduce bleeding and regulate cycles. NSAIDs manage pain and lower flow. Tranexamic acid is effective at reducing heavy bleeding.

Procedures & minimally invasive treatments: For structural issues like fibroids or polyps, options include hysteroscopic removal, fibroid surgeries, or uterine artery embolization (UAE). These are available in cities like Mumbai, Hyderabad, and Indore for those looking for non-surgical solutions.

Lifestyle & supportive care: Iron supplements are important for managing or preventing anemia. Keeping track of your cycle helps you and your gynecologist make informed decisions.

In India, women looking for less invasive care can find options that are more available. Treatments like hormonal IUDs and UAE are increasingly accessible in urban areas, making it easier to access safe and effective heavy periods treatment in India.

Periods are a normal part of life, but abnormal uterine bleeding in India is a condition that should not be ignored. Heavy, prolonged, or unpredictable cycles can disrupt your daily routine. Remember, AUB is manageable, often with simple treatments available right here in India. 

Don’t wait until you feel tired or get anemia before seeking help. A timely visit to a gynecologist can help find the cause and restore balance to your cycle. You deserve care, not compromise. Taking action now is the best step you can take.

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